Circulatory system Transport substances, defend the body, regulate temperature. Excretory system Remove waste products and unwanted substances, regulate the water content of the body.
Muscular system Bring about movement. Nervous system Respond to internal and external stimuli and conditions, carry messages for the body to work as a coordinated whole. Respiratory system Deliver oxygen for respiration and remove waste. Reproductive system Bring about fertilisation to produce new offspring.
Skeletal system To bring about movement, support and protect internal structures, produce blood cells, store and release calcium. Some specialised cells of plants: Cells of the Leaf Palisade mesophyll cells Carry out photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll cells Cells are arranged to let gases circulate, allowing the exchange of gases between the leaf and the environment.
They also carry out some photosynthesis. Guard cells Open and close to control the exchange of gases - carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen. Phloem Sieve tubes Transport products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids, from the leaf to where they are needed. Companion cells Provide the ATP required for transporting substances into sieve tubes. Xylem Xylem vessels Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots, up the plant.
Circulatory system. Some specialised cells of plants:. Cell differentiation Animals and plants produced by sexual reproduction begin life as a single cell, a fertilised egg or zygote. Examples in animals include: Cells of the: Specialised to: Circulatory system Transport substances.
Defend the body. Regulate temperature. Excretory system Remove waste products and unwanted substances. Regulate the water content of the body. Muscular system Bring about movement. Nervous system Respond to internal and external stimuli and conditions. Carry messages for the body to work as a coordinated whole. Respiratory system Deliver oxygen for respiration and remove waste. Reproductive system Bring about fertilisation to produce new offspring.
Skeletal system To bring about movement. Support and protect internal structures. Produce blood cells. Store and release calcium. Some specialised cells of plants: Cells of the: Specialised to: Leaf Palisade mesophyll Carry out photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll Allow gases to circulate for the exchange of gases between the leaf and the environment. Carry out photosynthesis. Guard cells Open and close to control the exchange of gases — carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen.
Phloem Sieve tubes Transport products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids, from the leaf to where they are needed. Dolan, L. Clonal relationships and cell patterning in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis Development , — He, S.
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Stem Cells in Plants and Animals. Promising Biofuel Resources: Lignocellulose and Algae. The Discovery of Lysosomes and Autophagy. The Mystery of Vitamin C. Citation: Sablowski, R. Nature Education 3 9 Do stem cells work the same way in plants as they do in animals? Aa Aa Aa. Stem Cells in Plants. Figure 1: Stem cells located in the shoot apical meristem. On the left, an Arabidopsis plant is shown, with the growing shoot tip indicated by the orange line. Figure 2: Stem cells in the root meristem.
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